All along the East Coast blackout drills were preparing citizens against Hitlers Luftwaffe that were blitzing London. "[36] Although previous secession votes, in spring 1861, had failed by large margins,[22] there were legitimate concerns that the war-averse Assembly would further impede the federal government's use of Maryland infrastructure to wage war on the South. The nature of the deaths and the reasons for them are a continuing source of controversy. The destruction was accomplished the next day. Yes No An official form of the United States government. The 120 or so Union soldiers interned there were fed meager yet adequate rations, sanitation was passable, shielding from the elements was provided, and the prisoners were even allowed to play recreational games such as baseball. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. Web18CH305 Introduction Camp Stanton describes the US Colored Troop Civil War military encampment on the Patuxent River in Charles County, Maryland. In June 1863 General Lee's army again advanced north into Maryland, taking the war into Union territory for the second time. The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln (18611865) suspended the constitutional right of habeas corpus from Washington to Philadelphia. Overcrowding brutalized camp conditions in many ways. On May 13, 1861 General Benjamin F. Butler entered Baltimore by rail with 1,000 Federal soldiers and, under cover of a thunderstorm, quietly took possession of Federal Hill. After the war, numerous Union soldiers noted the poor, hastily prepared shelters in the camp, the lack of food, and the high death rate. Around 70,000 soldiers passed through Camp Parole until Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assumed command as General-in-Chief of the Union Army in 1864, and ended the system of prisoner exchanges.[72]. The Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at Blockhouse PointSpeaker: Don Housley. Jim Johnston unravels the historical mystery. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) The first fatalities of the war happened during the Baltimore Civil War Riots of Thursday/Friday, April 1819, 1861. Despite the controversial number Confederates claiming only a few hundred and the Union claiming upwards of 15,000 mortalities the dreadful conditions Federal prisoners faced is unquestionable. However, modern interpretation of the evidence suggests did in fact face real supply shortages. civil War original matches. Situated on a 54-acre island within the James River, a stone's throw away from the Confederate capital of Richmond, Belle Isle received the ire of Northern politicians and poets alike. In March 1862, the Maryland Assembly passed a series of resolutions, stating that: This war is prosecuted by the Nation with but one object, that, namely, of a restoration of the Union just as it was when the rebellion broke out. [12] Panicked by the situation, several soldiers fired into the mob, whether "accidentally", "in a desultory manner", or "by the command of the officers" is unclear. During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army. They were filthy in the extreme, covered in verminnearly all were extremely emaciated; so much so that they had to be cared for even like infants.". Donate Now, Civil War in Montgomery County and the Region. [26], Butler went on to occupy Baltimore and declared martial law, ostensibly to prevent secession, although Maryland had voted solidly (5313) against secession two weeks earlier,[27] but more immediately to allow war to be made on the South without hindrance from the state of Maryland,[25] which had also voted to close its rail lines to Northern troops, so as to avoid involvement in a war against its southern neighbors. In 1865, when the number of prisoners ballooned to its peak, the death rate exceeded 28%. Moving blindly without his cavalry, Lee stumbled into the huge Union army at a place called Gettysburg where he was soundly defeated. If they were lucky, several men could be crammed into thin canvas tents, but most were forced to construct their own drafty shelters. Prisoners at Andersonville also made matters worse for themselves by relieving themselves where they gathered their drinking water, resulting in widespread outbreaks of disease, and by forming into gangs for the purpose of beating or murdering weaker men for food, supplies, and booty. WebThe Southern Maryland Civil War Round Table is pleased to announce that its next In September 1863, Rebel prisoners totaled 4,000 men. According to one of his aides: "We loved Maryland, we felt that she was in bondage against her will, and we burned with desire to have a part in liberating her". The issue of slavery may have been settled by the new constitution, and the legality of secession by the war, but this did not end the debate. "[79]:48 Others thought they heard him say "Revenge for the South!" WebOfficially named Camp Hoffman, the 40-acre prison compound was established north of WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War Coming Soon!! [82] A home for retired Confederate soldiers in Pikesville, Maryland opened in 1888 and did not close until 1932. The Maryland legislature refused to ratify both the 14th Amendment, which conferred citizenship rights on former slaves, and the 15th Amendment, which gave the vote to African Americans. This program lasts about 45 to 50 minutes, is suitable for adults and young adults, and could be used in classrooms. See Introduction, p. xxxiv. I turned and saw Dr. R. S. Steuart. [64], The armies met near the town of Sharpsburg by the Antietam Creek. MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. A great many are terribly afflicted with diarrhea, and scurvy begins to take hold of some. The Aftermath of Battle; All the Fighting They They built numerous campgrounds on this inhospitable mountain that lacked water, level ground, or adequate sanitation conditions. By the end of the war, 1 in 3 men imprisoned at Florencedied. The disorder inspired James Ryder Randall, a Marylander living in Louisiana, to write a poem which would be put to music and, in 1939, become the state song, "Maryland, My Maryland" (it remained the official state song until March 2021). WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. 45-50 minutes. But what was Earlys aim, and how close did he come to taking the city and ending the war? The site was occupied in the middle to late nineteenth century near the present day Maryland Department of Natural Resources Management Area at Benedict. While other men born in Maryland may have served in other Confederate formations, the same is true of units in the service of the United States. MCHS is supported by the Arts & Humanities Council of Montgomery County, the Maryland Historical Trust, Montgomery County Government and the City of Rockville. MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. Of the more than 150 prisons established during the war, the following eightexamples illustrate the challenges facing the roughly 400,000 men who had been imprisoned by war's end. The Man Who (Almost) Conquered Washington: Gen. John McCauslandSpeaker: James H. Johnston. Overcrowding was yet again a major problem. [68] Quartermaster John Howard recalled that Steuart performed "seventeen double somersaults" all the while whistling Maryland, My Maryland. Headings - Maryland--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps - Maryland Campaign, 1862--Maps - United States--Maryland Notes [28] By May 21 there was no need to send further troops. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. Stuart. SHOP There was much less appetite for secession than elsewhere in the Southern States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee) or in the border states (Kentucky and Missouri),[2] but Maryland was equally unsympathetic towards the potentially abolitionist position of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln. Salisbury marks a prime example of the effects that overcrowding had on prison populations, especially given the stark contrast in its camp death rate. Upon inspecting the camp, the U.S Sanitary Commission reported that the the amount of standing water, of unpoliced grounds, of foul sinks, of general disorder, of soil reeking with miasmic accretions, of rotten bones and emptying of camp kettles..was enough to drive a sanitarian mad." "Through Storm and Sunshine": Valorous Vivandires in the Civil War, Point Lookout State Park and Civil War Museum. Losses were extremely heavy on both sides; The Union suffered 12,401 casualties with 2,108 dead. The broad surface of the Potomac was blue with floating bodies of our foe. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. The 1860 Federal Census[7] showed there were nearly as many free blacks (83,942) as slaves (87,189) in Maryland, although the latter were much more dominant in southern counties. If I am attacked to-night, please open upon Monument Square with your mortars. To deflect criticism, Stuart wrote a report glorifying his crossing at Rowsers Ford as a heroic, superhuman effort. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Life in a CCC Camp I therefore hope and trust and most earnestly request that no more troops be permitted or ordered by the Government to pass through the city. Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. The Underground Railroad Movement: Riding the Freedom Train Reenactor: Candace Ridington. Most of the men enlisted into regiments from Virginia or the Carolinas, but six companies of Marylanders formed at Harpers Ferry into the Maryland Battalion. Stuart crossed the Potomac River with 5,000 horsemen including artillery at Rowsers Ford and proceeded to ransack Montgomery County. He never shows in the day time & is cautious who sees him at any time.[56]. On June 28, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B Stuart and his three cavalry brigades crossed the Potomac River and arrived in Montgomery County. This Civil War presentation will use a life-sized mannequin dressed as a wounded Civil War soldier to discuss and demonstrate some Civil War-era (1860s) battlefield medical procedures and techniques. Based on a letter that Dora, an ardent abolitionist, wrote to her mother describing her trials as rebel general J.E.B. Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. The War of the Rebellion, Series III, Volume 4, pp. Slave wealth and entrepreneurship in Civil War Maryland. He goes about from place to place, sometimes staying in one county, sometimes in another and then passing a few days in the city. Randolph McKim, Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, New York, 1912. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. Emancipation did not immediately bring citizenship for former slaves. The singular actions of Clara Barton, Julia Ward Howe, Sarah Josepha Hale, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Harriet Tubman led to their prominence during the war, and launched them into successful public roles following the conflict. WebCivil War camps on the "EASTERN SHORE" of MARYLAND. George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. [3][32] One of those arrested was militia captain John Merryman, who was held without trial in defiance of a writ of habeas corpus on May 25, sparking the case of Ex parte Merryman, heard just 2 days later on May 27 and 28. WebThe Battle of Monocacy (also known as Monocacy Junction) was fought on July 9, 1864, about 6 miles (9.7 km) from Frederick, Maryland, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. See discussion and tabulation on pp. The battle of Antietam, though tactically a draw, was strategically enough of a Union victory to give Lincoln the opportunity to issue, in September 1862, the Emancipation Proclamation. (2021), Schoeberlein, Robert W. "'A Record of Heroism': Baltimores Unionist Women in the Civil War", This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 01:19. Some narration fills in the material and moves events relentlessly to Civil War. One prisoner commenting on the daily death toll and foul conditions proclaimed, (I) walk around camp every morning looking for acquaintances, the sick, &c. (I) can see a dozen most any morning laying around dead. They resemble, in many respects, patients laboring under cretinism. False history marginalizes African Americans and makes us all dumber", Point Lookout History, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, "TimesMachine April 15, 1865 - New York Times", "Lee-Jackson Memorial" Smithsonian Art Inventories Catalog, "Confederate monuments taken down in Baltimore overnight", www.waymarking.com Rockville Civil War Monument - Rockville, Maryland, "As Confederate symbols come down, 'Talbot Boys' endures", National Park Service map of Civil War sites in Maryland, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. It was 1942. Major William Goldsborough, whose memoir The Maryland Line in the Confederate Army chronicled the story of the rebel Marylanders, wrote of the battle: nearly all recognized old friends and acquaintances, whom they greeted cordially, and divided with them the rations which had just changed hands. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Also known as Point Lookout Camp and Lookout Point Camp . $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. Those who voted for Maryland to remain in the Union did not explicitly seek for the emancipation of Maryland's many enslaved people, or indeed those of the Confederacy. History of Maryland From the Earliest Period to the Present Day. Learn about the Underground Railroad Movement by seeing short dramatic portraits of those involved (and some opposed), both anonymous and known. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within, Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. On September 14, 1862, Union forces led by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan met Gen. Robert E. Lee s divided army at the Battle of South Mountain. The battlefield medical care offered to Americas military today has its roots firmly planted in the innovative medical care of the American Civil War. World War II was raging 3,000 miles away. The Confederacy opened Salisbury Prison, converted from a robustly constructed cotton mill, in 1861. [29] Civil authority in Baltimore was swiftly withdrawn from all those who had not been steadfastly in favor of the Federal Government's emergency measures.[30]. The issue of slavery was finally confronted by the constitution which the state adopted in 1864. [20] On April 29, the Legislature voted decisively 5313 against secession,[21][22] though they also voted not to reopen rail links with the North, and they requested that Lincoln remove Union troops from Maryland. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Human error in the form of overcrowding the camps a frequent cause of widespread disease is to blame for many of the deaths at Point Lookout, Alton, and Salisbury. [25] After the occupation of the city, Union troops were garrisoned throughout the state. [45] Among them were members of the former volunteer militia unit, the Maryland Guard Battalion, initially formed in Baltimore in 1859. [8] Other residents, and a majority of the legislature, wished to remain in the Union, but did not want to be involved in a war against their southern neighbors, and sought to prevent a military response by Lincoln to the South's secession. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! With a death rate approaching 25%, Elmira was one of the deadliest Union-operated POW camps of the entire war. Harpers Ferry is not occupied by either side again until February 1862. By December of that year, more than 9,000 were imprisoned. Approximately a tenth as many enlisted to "go South" and fight for the Confederacy. The lack of substantial and adequate shelter compounded the prisoners' plight on Belle Isle and increased the amount of death and suffering brought on by disease and exposure. In 1861, while the population was quite low, the death rate hovered around 2%. Although Union leadership mandated a ceiling of 4,000 prisoners at Elmira, within a month of its opening that numbered had swelled to 12,123 men. [76] Other witnesses including Booth himself claimed that he only yelled "Sic semper! [14] In a letter to President Lincoln, Mayor Brown wrote: It is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore unless they fight their way at every step. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. State's participation as a Union slave state; a border state, Marylanders fought both for the Union and the Confederacy, Constitution of 1864, and the abolition of slavery. $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. Named Camp Hoffman probably after William A. Hoffman, commissioner-general of prisoners. Elmira Prison, also known as "Hellmira," opened in July of 1864. 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). WebMaryland's Civil War Trails Base Camp. Hatboro, PA: Tradition Press, Whitman H. Ridgway. Many Marylanders were simply pragmatic, recognizing that the state's long border with the Union state of Pennsylvania would be almost impossible to defend in the event of war. Because the state bordered the District of Columbia and the opposing factions within the state strongly desired to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland played an important role in the war. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). Throughout the War units Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. A further 3,925 Marylanders, not differentiated by race, served as sailors or marines. As the Sesquicentennial of the Civil War continues, discover Marylands authentic stories through one WebMaryland in the American Civil War. [33], The Merryman decision created a sensation, but its immediate impact was rather limited, as the president simply ignored the ruling. [62] The battle was the culmination of Robert E. Lee's Maryland Campaign, which aimed to take the war to the North. Candace Ridington portrays all of the characters using a mix of props and clothing alterations. The battle of Antietam stopped the Confederate Army's first march to the north and produced McCausland had the city burned down. By late summer Maryland was firmly in the hands of Union soldiers. It was the largest Union POW camp and one of the most secure, as it was Visitors marvel at the courage of Stuart and his men to cross the mile-wide river, filled with rocks, rapids, and whirlpools. Some, like physician Richard Sprigg Steuart, remained in Maryland, offered covert support for the South, and refused to sign an oath of loyalty to the Union. A presentation in PowerPoint format about five remarkable women who made important contributions to the Union cause at various stages before, during, and after the critical years of the American Civil War. Arrests of Confederate sympathizers and those critical of Lincoln and the war soon followed, and Steuart's brother, the militia general George H. Steuart, fled to Charlottesville, Virginia, after which much of his family's property was confiscated by the Federal Government. He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. There were simply too many prisoners and not enough food, clothing, medicine, or tents to go around. In 1864, elements of the warring armies again met in Maryland, although this time the scope and size of the battle was much smaller. Edgewood Arsenal | Camp Franklin | Frenchtown Battery | Gallows Hill Camp The Garrison Fort | Camp Glen Burnie | Camp Halleck | Camp Hoffman (2) Fort Hollingsworth | Fort Horn | Fort Hoyle | Camp Kelsey | Fort Kent | Kent Island Camp Camp Kirby | Kuskarawaok | Camp Laurel | Fort Lincoln | Fort Madison | Mattapany Fort Thomas Livermore, Numbers and Losses in the Civil War, Boston, 1900. WebCivil War Camps in and Near Howard County, Maryland. Join us July 13-16! With the increase in men came overcrowding, decreased sanitation, shortages of food, and thus the proliferation of disease, filth, starvation, and death. The very nomination of Abraham Lincoln, four years ago, spoke plainly war upon Southern rights and institutions And looking upon African Slavery from the same stand-point held by the noble framers of our constitution, I for one, have ever considered it one of the greatest blessings (both for themselves and us,) that God has ever bestowed upon a favored nation I have also studied hard to discover upon what grounds the right of a State to secede has been denied, when our very name, United States, and the Declaration of Independence, both provide for secession.[80]. Of the 11,764 Confederates who entered Alton Federal Prison, no fewer than 1,500 perished as result of various diseases and aliments. The federal troops executing Judge Carmichael's arrest beat him unconscious in his courthouse while his court was in session, before dragging him out, initiating a public controversy. Population of the United States in 1860, G.P.O.